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Databases are designed to offer an organized mechanism for storing, managing and retrieving information. They do so through the use of tables. If you’re familiar with spreadsheets, you’re probably already accustomed to storing data in tabular form.
Just like Excel tables, database tables consist of columns and rows. Each column contains a different type of attribute and each row corresponds to a single record.
If your web site needs to update large quantities of information via the web, you will need a database to store your information. There are many different database systems available for web hosting. The most common are MS Access, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle and PostgreSQL.
Microsoft's SQL Server is a popular database software for database-driven web sites with high traffic. SQL Server is a very powerful, robust and full featured SQL database system. The one drawback of SQL Server is that it is tied to the Windows operating system and cannot be deployed on a linux or any other Operating system.
Oracle is the leader in databases for medium and large corporations. Oracle is a very powerful, robust and full featured product.
Both SQL Server and Oracle databases being commercial products, they are backed up with a comprehensive support network and have a number of development tools built around it that reduces the time of deployment.
MySQL is one of the most popular databases for small to medium web sites. MySQL is an inexpensive alternative to the expensive Microsoft and Oracle solutions. It's an open-source relational database. Most linux based servers have default installs of the MySQL database.
MySQL is now a well-respected product that is more than capable of commercial operation. For instance, Google search engine extensively deploys MySQL. MySQL supports most of the functionality you’ve come to expect in a commercial RDBMS. It ensures that transactions comply with the ACID Model, allows the building of indexes, supports standard data types, and allows for database replication, among other features. One major area where MySQL currently falls short is its lack of support for stored procedures and triggers. However, both of these features are slated for the next major release – MySQL 5.0.
MySQL meshes perfectly with the Perl Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) dynamic web development language. If you’re a Microsoft IIS user, it works quite well with Active Server Pages (ASP), as well. In fact, if your ASP code is ANSI SQL-compliant, you may be able to simply plug and play a MySQL server into your production environment very easily.
Like the popular Linux operating system, MySQL is released as open source software under the GNU Public License (GPL).
PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) based on POSTGRES, Version 4.2, developed at the University of California at Berkeley Computer Science Department. POSTGRES pioneered many concepts that only became available in some commercial database systems much later.
PostgreSQL is an open-source descendant of this original Berkeley code. It supports SQL92 and SQL99 and offers many modern features such as complex queries, foreign keys, triggers, views, transactional integrity,multiversion concurrency control.
Additionally, PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways, for example by adding new data types, functions, operators, aggregate functions, index methods, procedural languages.
And because of the liberal license, PostgreSQL can be used, modified, and distributed by everyone free of charge for any purpose, be it private, commercial, or academic.